PREFACETHE substance of these chapters has been given in various Bible Readings. Their object is not so much to attempt an explanation of the individual types, on which so many volumes have already been written, as to arouse interest in the study as a whole, and to emphasize the importance of comparing one with another. Not only does this method seem the surest way of arriving at the meaning of the separate types, but it is valuable as affording evidence of the presence of one Spirit inspiring the whole.
It has not been possible to do more than suggest some of the various methods in which the Bible types may be grouped together, and give samples of the great variety that exists amongst them.
These studies are but very imperfect outline sketches of bird's-eye views. To fill in too many details would have been in many cases to lose sight of the chief lines of the pictures; but if some are induced to explore for themselves, they will find out the endless beauties that surround them on all sides.
It would be impossible to acknowledge all the channels through which many precious things concerning the types have been received. We read a book or hear an address, and some thought strikes us; we make a note of it, and it becomes our own. Other thoughts are added on the same subject, and we soon forget through whom they came. If they are God-given this does not greatly matter; for in Bible study anything that is really original, anything that is simply our own, is not worth passing on to anyone else. But if in the course of our study GOD opens our eyes to behold wondrous things, it is only that we may tell others of what we have seen. When they look for themselves and see the same things, they will soon forget who pointed them out. The man who finds the gold may be quite unknown, or is soon forgotten; but the gold passes from hand to hand and others are enriched.
The one who is prefigured in the types is not a mere man, but is Jehovah - GOD - the great I AM; and the chief scene which is foreshadowed is the most solemn event that has taken place on this earth. In considering the types therefore, and trying feebly to speak of them, the ground whereon we stand is holy ground.
May anything in these pages that is contrary to GOD's thoughts be forgiven for the sake of the great High Priest who bears the iniquity of our holy things; and may He use what is of Himself to stimulate many to deeper and more reverent study of His Word, that His Name may be glorified.
CHAPTERS
01. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER
02. REASONS FOR STUDYING THE TYPES
(1) GOD Himself sets great value upon them
(2) Our Lord thought much of them.
(3) They speak of Him.
(4) They are accorded a high place by the writers of the New Testament.
(5) Many passages in the New Testament cannot otherwise be understood.
(6) The types cover the whole range of New Testament teaching.
(7) The study is a sure antidote for the poison of "Higher Criticism."
03. DOUBLE TYPES
(1) Two similar things in the same type
Two birds in the cleansing of the leper
Two goats on the day of atonement
(2) Two types closely connected with one another
The Red Sea and the Jordan
Twelve stones in the Jordan and in the land
The manna and the old corn
The wilderness and the land
The rod turned into a serpent and the leprous hand
The Tabernacle and the Temple
One found slain and the heifer
Two priests . . . Aaron and Eleazar
Two priesthoods . . . Aaronic and Melchizedek
Two kings . . . David and Solomon
Two prophets . . . Elijah and Elisha
Two leaders . . . Moses and Joshua
(3) Types with double meanings:
The Flood
Joseph
04. THE GROUPING OF TYPES
(1) Those with one detail in common
Things crushed, beaten, bruised.
(2) Those which closely resemble one another
Types of CHRIST as bread or corn in various forms
The bread of GOD from all eternity typified by the manna
The Incarnation . . . The manna
His perfect life . . . The fine flour
His death . . . . The corn of wheat
. . . The broken bread
His resurrection . . . The old corn of the land
. . . . . .The firstfruits
His coming again . . . The firstfruits
The food of His people . . . The meal-offering
. . . . . . . . .The feast of unleavened bread
In the presence of GOD for us . . . The Shewbread
. . . . . . . . . . . . The hidden manna
Typical incidents . . . Food in time of famine
A typical place . . . Bethlehem the house of bread
05. TYPES OF CALVARY, and their prominent lessons
(1) Where there was actual shedding of blood
The coats of skins . . . A covering
Abel's sacrifice . . . Acceptance
Genesis 22, Jehovah Jireh . . . Substitution provided
The paschal lamb . . . Deliverance from wrath
The burnt-offering . . . Acceptance
The peace-offering . . . Peace and fellowship
The sin and trespass offering . . . Forgiveness
The day of atonement . . . Atonement
The red heifer . . . Cleansing
The bird in Leviticus 14 . . . Cleansing and Justification
The sucking lamb . . . CHRIST crucified in weakness, our strength
The one found slain . . . His death required
(2) CHRIST passing through the waters of death
Jonah . . . The time in the grave
The Ark . . . The only means of safety
The Red Sea . . . Deliverance from our enemies
The Jordan . . . Entrance into blessing
Stones in the Jordan and the land . . . Union in death and resurrection
The tree cast into Marah . . . Bitter turned into sweet
The branch into Jordan . . . Uplifting that which is sunken
(3) Other types
The smitten rock . . . The gift of the Spirit
The brazen serpent . . . The healing from the bite of sin
Adam's sleep . . . The building-up of the Church
The rent vail . . . Access to GOD
The corn of wheat . . . The source of the harvest
(4) A constantly-recurring type . . . The Lord's Supper
(5) A future reminder . . . The Lamb as It Had been slain
06. TYPES OF THE RESURRECTION
(1) The Ark resting on Mount Ararat
(2) The waving of the sheaf of the Firstfruits
(3) The budding of Aaron's rod
(4) The bird in the cleansing of the leper
(5) The passage of the Jordan
(6) The stones in the land
(7) Three days and three nights
(8) Isaac restored to Abraham
(9) Joash, the king's son
07. GOD'S DWELLING-PLACES
(1) The Tabernacle
(2) The Temple
(3) The Lord JESUS CHRIST
(4) The Church
(5) The future dwelling-place
The pattern
The preparation
The cloud
The gold
The exterior
08. THE ARK OF THE TESTIMONY
(1) A Type of Himself
(2) The mercy-seat
(3) The materials
(4) The contents
tables of stone
law and the covenant
rod
manna
(5) The Cherubim
(6) The three Persons of the Trinity
(7) The blood
(8) The coverings
The vail
badger skins
cloth of blue
(9) Its position
in the centre
in front
in the Jordan
at Jericho
(10) The place of confession
(11) Blessings and cursings
(12) Taken by the Philistines
(13) Stronger than Dagon
(14) In the land of the Philistines and the house of Obed-edom
(15) Judgments on the men of Bethshemesh and Uzzah
(16) Found at Kirjath-jearim
(17) Ministry before the Ark
(18) Over the brook Kedron
(19) Brought into its place
09. GOD'S SEVENFOLD PROVISION FOR CLEANSING
(1) The great day of Atonement
(2) The sin-offering
(3) The trespass-offering
(4) The ashes of the red heifer
(5) The cleansing of the leper
(6) The laver
(7) The golden plate
10. THE OFFERINGS
(1) The Burnt-offering
(2) The Meal-offering
(3) The Peaceoffering
(4) The Sin-offering
(5) The Trespass-offering
11. TYPICAL COLOURS AND SUBSTANCES
(1) Blue
(2) Scarlet
(3) Purple
(4) Fine twined linen
(5) Gold
(6) Silver
(7) Brass
(8) Oil
(9) Frankincense
(10) Salt
(11) Leaven
(12) Honey
(13) Water
(14) Fire
12. THE GARMENTS OF THE BELIEVER
(1) Man-made
(2) God-given
(3) Spirit-wrought
Man stripped by Satan
aprons of fig-leaves
coats of skins
change of raiment
The King's presence
priests and Levites
pilgrim garments
The warrior's dress
The overcomer's
night and morning
The bride
makers of fine linen
13. TYPICAL PLACES
(1) Those whose names have special meanings
Bethlehem, "The house of bread "
Hebron, "fellowship"
Salem, "peace"
Gilgal, "rolling," (The rolling away of reproach)
(2) Where two or more typical scenes have taken place
Mount Moriah
The Mount of Olives
14. TYPICAL CHARACTERS
(1) Those mentioned as such in the New Testament
Adam - by comparison and contrast;
Joseph - Moses
David - suffering and glory
(2) Those who, by their offices, occupations, or relationships, are typical
Boaz
15. TYPES OF CHRIST AS THE SHEPHERD
(1) Abel, telling of the death of the shepherd
(2) Isaac, the wealth of the shepherd
(3) Jacob, the responsibility, endurance, and care of the shepherd
(4) Joseph, the hatred of the other shepherds
(5) Moses, the leading of the shepherd
(6) David, the deliverance of the shepherd
(7) the sons of Simeon, the pasture of the shepherd
16. TYPES OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
(1) The dove
(2) Abraham's servant
(3) Joseph's steward
(4) The pillar of cloud
(5) Rivers of water and wells
(6) The wind
17. THE MAJESTY IN THE HEAVENS
(1) The contrast in Hebrews
(2) Nadab and Abihu
(3) Korah, Dathan and Abiram
(4) The Philistines and the Ark
(5) The men of Bethshemesh
(6) Uzzah's death
(7) Uzziah's leprosy
(8) Belshazzar's feast
(9) Seven brighter scenes
APPENDICES
18. TYPICAL VERBS
19. MOSES, A TYPE OF CHRIST
20. JOSEPH, A TYPE OF CHRIST